Blog Post

Individual Stocks vs ETFs – Which is the better option for young investors?

Joe Hodgson • Oct 24, 2018

An ETF is an ‘Exchange Traded Fund’ and it is supposed to act like a tracker for various bundles of stocks. For example there are ETFs that track the FTSE 100 and S and P 500 as well as a host of others. Some ETFs are real; in that when you buy the fund you are buying real shares in the companies listed. Some are synthetic, where the fund is basically an agreement between the fund provider and an investment bank. This provides cheap access to markets that may be difficult to access for the average investor but it does mean that if the bank cannot pay, the shareholder could be exposed.

The ETF has been hailed as the solution for the passive investor by many Internet forums, you have probably seen this sentiment repeated many times online:

“Buy the S and P 500 ETF, set and forget, don’t even try to beat the market because it’s impossible for the average investor.”

On the face of it they certainly have a point. ETFs are low cost; the Vanguard FTSE 100 charges 0.09% per year plus a similarly small charge for holding your account with them. They don’t just have trackers for the whole market either; they have funds for growth, dividends, international, small cap and many more. They also have the backing of two investing heavyweights, Buffett and Graham, who both advocated that passive investors could beat the vast majority of actively managed funds by investing in ETFs.


“My advice to the trustee couldn’t be more simple: Put 10% of the cash in short-term government bonds and 90% in a very low-cost S&P 500 index fund. I believe the trust’s long-term results from this policy will be superior to those attained by most investors who employ high-fee managers.” - From Warren Buffett's annual letter to shareholders, Feb 28th, 2014.

Not only that, Warren even made a $1 Million bet against hedge fund managers Protégé Partners, that over a 10 year period an index fund would outperform a collection of hedge funds. He won the bet in 2017. There are a few issues with this style of investment though, illustrated by the fact that Buffett himself does not invest in ETFs.


There is an assumption that Investing in ETFs requires no real knowledge of the market, this is not true; a passive investor can still make unwise decisions when the market suffers a downturn or bear market. The set and forget approach works in theory, but when a passive investor who doesn’t understand market cycles sees their portfolio drop by 10%, they might be tempted to sell their stake and make a loss. A long term mindset with a firm belief in a system is still imperative to make good returns. Investing in individual securities forces the investor (or should force them) to learn about the market as a whole and develop their own systems. Some might argue that the average investor in individual stocks would have the same temptation to sell in bear markets, which may be true, but the examination and purchase of individual stocks should drive home at least one key point; you are investing a real company. The investment in funds adds another layer of complexity between the investor and the business, after all it is still the business that makes the money even in an ETF. Often ETFs have hundreds of businesses within them, so in asking: ‘Which is the best fund to buy in order to make money?’ Y ou may also ask: ‘Which is the best supermarket to shop at in order to make a lasagne?' It is not possible for the average investor to value a fund accurately with any confidence, so we rely on massive diversification.


We know there are success stories of investors who have become wildly rich by investing in individual stocks. Are there the same success stories with funds? If you have a look around you will find a lot of millionaires who invest in ETFs but not a lot of people who invest in ETFs who have become millionaires. The reason? The market has averaged between 6-9% per year over the last decade depending on the country, so even when investing £500 per month at 9% it takes 31 years to make your first million. The invention of the widely available, online ETF is a fairly recent one, so recent that the mass of investors who have pumped in $50 billion into Vanguard’s ETFs in 2017 alone, may not have had time to see their wealth compound.


The brevity of the widely available EFT is also a concern. Don’t forget that within real ETFs, real company’s shares are being purchased and not necessarily on merit. Do investors know that when they purchase the S and P 500 that they’re buying already inflated Amazon shares at a price to earnings of over 130? Eventually we might see ‘ETF bubbles’ forming where share prices go up irrespective of poor business performance.


A real positive for ETFs is the ability to access foreign markets without having to deal with currency conversions or double taxation. The USA economy has been a juggernaut for the last century and is home to the biggest companies in the world, being able to take advantage of that from the UK with less than a 1% fee is undoubtedly an exciting prospect.


What about dividends? Most ETFs will pay a dividend, the Vanguard S and P dividend yield is 1.9% and the FTSE 100 is just over 4%, which is the average yield of all of the stocks within the index.


From a personal perspective, investing in ETFs doesn’t lend itself well to a value investor’s principals. It is difficult to determine whether funds are undervalued, whether their prospects are good, whether they have a durable competitive advantage and so on. Furthermore, ETFs mean diversification ad nauseam, which means matching market returns at best. Even beating the market by a few per-cent per year can have a huge effect on compounding interest; have a play around with a compound interest calculator and try 9% annual return versus 13-15%. There are those out there who beat the market every year and have been doing it for decades. It is possible! Buffett and Graham may advocate the use of funds for passive investors but they do not use them. The point they are making is that low cost funds usually outperform actively managed funds due to the massive cuts taken by the fund managers. Both Buffett and Graham made their fortunes beating the market in individual stocks using value investing techniques. Matt and I aim to beat the market every year with our monthly stock picks and have done consistently in 2018. You can follow our picks here for free. We release our picks at the beginning of every month; all you need to do is sign up to our mailing list.


In conclusion, ETFs offer a low cost way for passive investors to access the UK and international markets, and with an average rate of return much higher than a cash ISA, they are a very useful option. It remains to be seen whether the easy access will inflate prices of stocks in popular funds. For those of us striving to beat the market however, investing in individual stocks are still the best bet. The potential rewards for those who are willing to put in the work, choose the right stocks and have a long term mind set are far greater. Of course, there is no harm in investing in both ETFs and individual stocks, especially in order to gain exposure to foreign markets.

You can follow our real money portfolio here for free, we email you our stock pick on the first day of each month.

For more ' stocks and sharing' - sign up to our mailing list or check out the rest of our blog.

Thanks for reading!

Joe

Add your custom HTML here
is loading comments...
By Matt Streets 03 Jan, 2021
It will be the year that no one will ever forget, and the volatile nature of the COVID-19 pandemic took its toll on the UK stock market. Investors began to see the start of what was to come in late February, which culminated in the FTSE 100 suffering the second worst crash in a single day on 12th March 2020. After ‘bottoming out’ a couple of weeks later, the FTSE 100 had lost around a third of its value. It was clear that a significant change of fortune was required to breakeven for the year. The race was on to recover the losses to the Start Investing Stock Portfolio (SISP)
By Matt 25 Oct, 2020
We know that the stock market hasn’t been too kind to long-term value investors since March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Plenty of portfolio positions around the world quickly when from being ‘ in the black ’ (profitable) to being ‘ in the red ’ (unprofitable).
By Joe Hodgson 26 Aug, 2020
Our stock pick last month Aggreko has performed well, earning 23% gains so far. Here is a short summary.
By Joe Hodgson 21 Jun, 2020
Hi investors, As many of our regular readers know, we follow the same routine at the end of each month in order to select our monthly stock pick. This routine can be broken down into 4 simple steps: Step 1 - High-Level Screening (Stocks analysed - 2750 ) We run a high-level screen for all companies available on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) using our list of key parameters ( you can read about these in our ebook ). Only around 3% of all stocks in the UK meet our strict criteria. Step 2 - IVI Evaluation (Stocks analysed - 50-80 ) We then assess each company using our Inherent Value Index (or IVI) evaluation method. This method takes into account key financial data, past and projected, and often removes a further 35-70 companies from the list. Step 3 - Stock Pick Selection (Stocks analysed - 10-15 ) At this point, we are left with fewer than 20 under-valued, dividend-paying companies (approximately 0.5% of the companies available on the LSE). From this list, we evaluate annual reports and company announcements to ensure that we have left no stone unturned before making our selection and circulating to our stock pick subscribers Step 4 - Investing (Stock selected - 1 ) Once the data analysis is complete, we wait for the first weekday of the month before investing our hard-earned cash into a company which we believe will stand us in good stead over the coming months and years. Simple but effective. Plus500 Ltd In the summer of 2019, after going through this rigorous analysis, we landed on a company called Plus500 Ltd (PLUS) as our July monthly stock pick. From our analysis, this international financial firm appeared to be trading at a heavily reduced share price of only £5.24 , having had a tough year in the market. Tighter regulations had meant a crack down in their industry, and many investors pulled out of the company believing it would not survi ve. However, our IVI method revealed a VERY strong set of financials and believed the market was wrong. Within 3 weeks, the stock price had risen by a whopping 25% which prompted Joe’s blog post in late July. Despite this short-term win , our analysis indicated that the company was still very much under-valued . As a consequence, at end of July 2019 we followed the numbers again and made a second investment into PLUS at a share price of £6.11 . For the rest of 2019, the share price continued to climb through £7.00 and £8.00, paying (literal) dividends along the way, until on the 4th March 2020, it had hit £9.57 per share. Then came Monday 9th March 2020: ‘ Black Monday ’. Global markets were turned on their heads as investors came to the realisation that the COVID-19 pandemic would disrupt life as we know it. As the share price fell to £7.31 on 16th March, we wondered whether we’d missed the boat to sell. Should we sell and take the profit now? Or should we hold and hope for a recovery? As ever, we looked at the numbers. After conducting further IVI analysis, we opted for the latter; at the current share price, the IVI method indicated that the company was still under-valued by the market. The share price duly bounced back towards the end of March and continued to rise throughout April. By 24th April 2020, the company was trading at over £12.50 per share. At this valuation, according to our calculations the company was moving from under-valued to a fair valuation status. This led us to asking 2 questions: 1. Do we trust in our IVI evaluation method and think that this company is no longer under-valued? YES 2. Would we be happy to take the profits gained so far to re-invest into other under-valued companies? YES It was time to sell . We sold our stake in PLUS at a share price of £12.51 . Overall, the numbers really speak for themselves when you work out the overall % profit over the 9-month period.
By Joe Hodgson 02 Jun, 2020
Missing data will result in a VALUE! or N/A error
By Joe Hodgson 02 Jun, 2020
1. Bellway PLC
By Joe Hodgson 10 May, 2020
Data visualisation housing stocks using radar chart FTSE 100
By Joe Hodgson 11 Mar, 2020
Hi investors, So, this Monday (9th March 2020, or ‘Black Monday’) investors across the world witnessed one of those sobering feelings as global stock markets turned uniformly red . Billions of dollar s were wiped off the face of the Earth by a swirling vortex of terror - one part unchecked spread of coronavirus , one part oil price war . Before 9am UK time on Monday, over £120bn was lost from the FTSE 100 alone , which closed down 7.2% . A drop like that in a single day hasn’t been recorded since the financial crash in 2008 . Interesting times lie ahead… However, do not lose hope ! People react irrationally during market downturns, and it is at times like these that investors need their decisions to be directed by their heads more than by their hearts . For example, we know that the companies which we invest in are good companies . Some are even g reat companies that have been around for decades, through several market crashes (and oil price wars )! And because of this, we will continue to invest regularly into the UK stock market as we strive towards financial freedom. Anecdotally, the stock market takes a downturn every 10 years . The last ‘crash' was in 2008, and we could be on the verge of the next blip. But as Warren Buffet would say: “Be fearful when others are greedy. Be greedy when others are fearful .” With this in mind, we spied an interesting exerpt from an Investors Chronicle (IC) supplement this week, which recommended ’10 Shares for Your ISA’ . Obviously, we couldn’t resist putting each company through our Inherent Value Index (IVI) evaluation to see whether any of these companies were good value investments . As outlined in our free ebook “The Start Investing Guide to Stock Screening” (which you can get for free by subscribing here ), we have certain metrics that we live by when it comes to picking stocks :
By Joe Hodgson 22 Feb, 2020
When we first started screening for stocks back in January 2018, the first few months produced surprising results: housing companies , seemingly making money hand over fist, were trading at a huge discount . At Start Investing we follow the numbers, and the numbers told us to cash in on these strong companies that had been beaten down by Brexit uncertainty. We continued to buy until early 2019, by that time housing stocks made up a large portion of our portfolio and even though we hadn't seen much of a return by then we trusted the strong financials these companies were reporting. Below is the result of our February 2019 screen, as you can see, 7 of the top 11 are housing companies : Bellway, Redrow, Bovis Homes, Countryside Properties, CRH, Taylor Wimpey and Persommon.
By Joe Hodgson 15 Jan, 2020
Hi investors, And just like that, it's been two years since the birth of the Start Investing Stock Portfolio (SISP). After buying into our first company on 19th December 2017, we've been regularly adding to the SISP on a monthly basis, and tracking the growth performance and incoming dividends. In this biennial review, we thought we'd share with you exactly how it has performed throughout 2018 and 2019. TL;DR Summary Over the last 2 years, our Monthly Stock Picks have outperformed the FTSE 100 by 13.2% and the FTSE 250 by 5.6% Dividend payments increased the growth of our portfolio by an additional 5.7% (not too long to read now, ey?!) As you will see, it really has been a journey of two halves... 2018 - Into the Deep End Total Number of Companies in Portfolio by 31st December 2018: 14 Best Performing Portfolio Stock of 2018: Rio Tinto PLC (RIO) +4.8% 2018 was a tough year for investors in the UK stock market, and the SISP was no exception. The poor performance over the 12-month period was ascribed to a combination of global volatility for equities and the uncertainty surrounding Brexit. Following a very positive start in January 2018, the SISP went on to perform similarly to the FTSE 100 Index over 12 months, both of which beat the FTSE 250 Index.
More Posts
Share by: